Q fever is an infectious zoonotic disease, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Coxiella
burnetii. Transmission occurs from livestock to humans through inhalation of a survival form …

B-cell activation plays a crucial part in the immune system and is initiated via interaction
between the B cell receptor (BCR) and specific antigens. In recent years with the help of …

The B cell antigen receptor (BCR) plays a central role in the self/nonself selection of B
lymphocytes and in their activation by cognate antigen during the clonal selection process. It …

Cells are highly dynamic and adopt variable shapes and sizes. These variations are
biologically important but challenging to investigate in a spatiotemporally controlled manner …

Immune receptors are not randomly distributed at the plasma membrane of lymphocytes but
are segregated into specialized domains that function as platforms to initiate signalling, as …

Antibodies are important for vaccine efficacy. Targeting antigens to antigen-presenting cells
(APCs) increases antibody levels. Here, we explore the role of antigen valency in MHC class …

Mutated and unmutated IgE and IgG play different and partly opposing roles in allergy
development, but the mechanisms controlling their relative production are incompletely …

For many years, the high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (IgE) FcεRI, which is
expressed by mast cells and basophils, has been widely held to be the exemplar of cross …

The Athenian historian Thucydides noted in 430 BC that those who had survived the plague
in Athens were subsequently able to tend to the ill without fear of reinfection [3]. This concept …

There are more than 80 kinds of autoimmune diseases known at present, including
rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc) …