Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex
pathophysiology that underlies a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes. AD remains …

Membrane sphingolipids are metabolized to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive
lipid mediator that regulates many processes in vertebrate development, physiology, and …

The active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP), serves as a co-factor in more
than 150 enzymatic reactions. Plasma PLP has consistently been shown to be low in …

The dynamic and multicellular processes of neuroinflammation are mediated by the
nonneuronal cells of the central nervous system, which include astrocytes and the brain's …

Background & Aims Etrasimod (APD334) is an oral, selective sphingosine 1-phosphate
receptor modulator in development for immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. We …

Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, is a natural defense mechanism helping to
restore oxygen and nutrient supply to the affected brain tissue following an ischemic stroke …

Highlights•Sphingolipid production is phylogenetically restricted in Bacteria to two
phyla.•Sphingolipid-producing bacteria often associate with eukaryotic hosts.•Many bacterial …

Ceramide (Cer) is a structural backbone of sphingolipids and is composed of a long-chain
base and a fatty acid. Existence of a variety of Cer species, which differ in chain-length …

The sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) is abundant in endothelial cells, where it
regulates vascular development and microvascular barrier function. In investigating the role …

Sphingolipids, which are components of cellular membranes and organ tissues, can be
synthesized or degraded to modulate cellular responses according to environmental cues …