Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of receptors that can directly recognize the
specific molecular structures on the surface of pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged …

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and substantially improved patient
outcome with regard to multiple tumour types. However, most patients still do not benefit …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication and host
immune response determine coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but studies evaluating …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a recently identified
coronavirus that causes the respiratory disease known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID …

Vaccinations are one of the most important preventive tools against infectious diseases.
Over time, many different types of vaccines have been developed concerning the antigen …

Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are key sensors of virus
infection, mediating the transcriptional induction of type I interferons and other genes that …

Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system (CNS), performing
complex functions in health and disease. It is now clear that multiple astrocyte subsets or …

Anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis is a rare systemic autoimmune disease, historically described in
Japanese patients with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis and life-threatening rapidly …

Despite the success of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, the immunological mechanisms that
underlie its efficacy are poorly understood. Here we analyzed the innate and adaptive …

Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are RNA sensor molecules that
play essential roles in innate antiviral immunity. Among the three RLRs encoded by the …