The presence of lactate in human tumours has been long neglected, confined to the role of a
waste product derived from glycolysis and as a biomarker of malignancy. More recently …

Abstract Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a key rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis, is a critical
regulator in tumor metabolism. PKM2 has been demonstrated to overexpressed in various …

Although survival outcomes of cancer patients have been improved dramatically via
conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapy over the last decades, there are still some …

Cancer treatment with either standard chemotherapy or targeted agents often results in the
emergence of drug-refractory cell populations, ultimately leading to therapy failure. The …

Leukocyte infiltration plays an active role in controlling tumor development. In the early
stages of carcinogenesis, T cells counteract tumor growth. However, in advanced stages …

Altered metabolism in cancer cells is pivotal for tumor growth, most notably by providing
energy, reducing equivalents and building blocks while several metabolites exert a …

To sustain their high proliferation rates, most cancer cells rely on glycolytic metabolism, with
production of lactic acid. For many years, lactate was seen as a metabolic waste of glycolytic …

Significance: In the last years, metabolic reprogramming, fluctuations in bioenergetic fuels,
and modulation of oxidative stress became new key hallmarks of tumor development. In …

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed carcinomas and one of
the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Metabolic reprogramming, a hallmark …

Metabolic reprogramming is one of the main characteristics of malignant tumors. The
metabolic reprogramming of tumors is not only related to the characteristics of cancer cells …