Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that affects
the central nervous system (CNS) white matter, and for which no effective cure exists …

Gene expression studies of bipolar disorder (BPD) have shown changes in transcriptome
profiles in multiple brain regions. Here we summarize the most consistent findings in the …

Tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) have been observed in the meninges of multiple sclerosis
(MS) patients, but the stromal cells and molecular signals that support TLTs remain unclear …

Mice and humans branched from a common ancestor approximately 80 million years ago.
Despite this, mice are routinely utilized as animal models of human disease and in drug …

B cells and T cells collaborate in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. IgH [MOG] mice
possess a B cell repertoire skewed to recognize myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein …

Abstract Semaphorin 7A (sema7A) is classified as an immune semaphorin with dual
functions in the immune system and in the central nervous system (CNS). These molecules …

Background Nogo-A and its putative receptor NgR are considered to be among the
inhibitors of axonal regeneration in the CNS. However, few studies so far have addressed …

In 1989 ILAR published a list and description of immunodeficient rodents used in research.
Since then, advances in understanding of molecular mechanisms; recognition of genetic …

Animal models consisting of inbred laboratory rodent strains have been a powerful tool for
decades, helping to unravel the underpinnings of biological problems and employed to …

Compared with females, male Dark Agouti (DA) rats immunized for experimental
autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) with rat spinal cord homogenate in complete Freund's …