Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are multifunctional signalling molecules with
many roles in sensory perception and cellular physiology. Therefore, it is not surprising that …

Bidirectional communication between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the immune
system is a crucial part of an effective but balanced mammalian response to invading …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a crucial constituent of the outer membrane of most Gram-
negative bacteria, playing a fundamental role in the protection of bacteria from …

Despite advances in antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory therapies, inflammation and its
consequences still remain a significant problem in medicine. Acute inflammatory responses …

A large body of experimental evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is a key
pathological event triggering and perpetuating the neurodegenerative process associated …

Pain is a hallmark of tissue injury, inflammatory diseases, pathogen invasion and
neuropathy. It is mediated by nociceptor sensory neurons that innervate the skin, joints …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), commonly known as endotoxin, is ubiquitous and the most-
studied pathogen-associated molecular pattern. A component of Gram-negative bacteria …

Nociceptor sensory neurons protect organisms from danger by eliciting pain and driving
avoidance. Pain also accompanies many types of inflammation and injury. It is increasingly …

The transient receptor potential ankyrin (TRPA) channels are Ca 2+-permeable nonselective
cation channels remarkably conserved through the animal kingdom. Mammals have only …

The relationship between gut microbiota and neurological diseases, including chronic pain,
has received increasing attention. The gut microbiome is a crucial modulator of visceral …