Dementia is one of the greatest global challenges for health and social care in the 21st
century. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is by no means an …

Physical exercise (PE) improves physical performance, mental status, general health, and
well-being. It does so by affecting many mechanisms at the cellular and molecular level. PE …

Aging is the main risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. In aging, microglia undergoes
phenotypic changes compatible with their activation. Glial activation can lead to …

Obesity is a growing problem worldwide and is associated with a range of comorbidities,
including cognitive dysfunction. In this review we will address the evidence that obesity and …

Significant progress has been made in understanding the neurobiological mechanisms
through which exercise protects and restores the brain. In this feature review, we integrate …

Recent years have witnessed a revolution in our understanding of microglia biology,
including their major role in the etiology and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases …

The population of aged individuals is increasing worldwide and this has significant health
and socio-economic implications. Clinical and experimental studies on aging have …

Scientific evidence based on neuroimaging approaches over the last decade has
demonstrated the efficacy of physical activity improving cognitive health across the human …

Innate immunity within the central nervous system (CNS) is primarily provided by resident
microglia. Microglia are pivotal in immune surveillance and also facilitate the co‐ordinated …

Degeneration of central cholinergic neurons impairs memory, and enhancement of
cholinergic synapses improves cognitive processes. Cholinergic signaling is also anti …