Although sex is a fundamental component of eukaryotic reproduction, the genetic systems
that control sex determination are highly variable. In many organisms the presence of sex …

Hundreds of land plant lineages have independently evolved separate sexes in either
gametophytes (dioicy) or sporophytes (dioecy), but 43% of all dioecious angiosperms are …

Sex chromosomes can evolve once recombination is halted between a homologous pair of
chromosomes. Owing to detailed studies using key model systems, we have a nuanced …

Background Heteromorphic sex chromosomes have evolved repeatedly across diverse
species. Suppression of recombination between X and Y chromosomes leads to …

In species with genetic sex-determination, the chromosomes carrying the sex-determining
genes have often evolved non-recombining regions and subsequently evolved the full set of …

How do separate sexes originate and evolve? Plants provide many opportunities to address
this question as they have diverse mating systems and separate sexes (dioecy) that evolved …

Summary White campion (Silene latifolia, Caryophyllaceae) was the first vascular plant
where sex chromosomes were discovered. This species is a classic model for studies on …

A major reason for studying plant sex chromosomes is that they may often be
'young'systems. There is considerable evidence for the independent evolution of separate …

Although individuals in most flowering plant species, and in many haploid plants, have both
sex functions, dioecious species—in which individuals have either male or female functions …

The date palm tree is a commercially important member of the genus Phoenix whose 14
species are dioecious with separate male and female individuals. To identify sex …