Chagas disease (CD), also known as American trypanosomiasis, is caused by the
flagellated protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, and affects an estimated 8 to 10 million people …

Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, which is caused by the protozoan parasite
Trypanosoma cruzi, is primarily a vector disease endemic in 21 Latin American countries …

Leishmaniasis causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, and no vaccines
against this disease are available. Previously, we had shown that the amastigote-specific …

The recognition of invading pathogens by the innate immune system is essential for host
protection against human parasites and the initiation of an effective adaptive immune …

Summary Multifunctional interleukin 10 (IL10)+ Th1 cells have been implicated in favorable
evolution of many infectious diseases, promoting an efficacious immune response while …

Chagas disease—caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi—is a neglected tropical
disease for which available drugs are not fully effective in the chronic stage and a vaccine is …

Control of the intracellular parasite Leishmania (L.) requires the activation of strong type 1
cellular immune responses. Towards this goal, in the present study, a multiepitope chimeric …

CD4− CD8−(double-negative, DN) T cells are critical orchestrators of the cytokine network
associated with the pathogenic inflammatory response in one of the deadliest …

We have reported that attenuated Salmonella (S) carrying plasmids encoding the cysteine
protease cruzipain (Cz) protects against Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Here, we determined …

Abstract The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a potent immunomodulator. It was initially
used by oral administration, but it is mostly used subcutaneously nowadays. This study …