Metformin is the oldest and most commonly used first-line antidiabetic drug because of its
good clinical efficacy, high safety, low cost and easy access. At the same time, in recent …

Tumor tissue is composed of cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells with diverse
genetic/epigenetic backgrounds, a situation known as intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Cancer …

Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) comprises a spectrum of changes in the endometrium ranging
from a slightly disordered pattern that exaggerates the alterations seen in the late …

Neoplastic epithelial cells coexist in carcinomas with various non-neoplastic stromal cells,
together creating the tumor microenvironment. There is a growing interest in the cross-talk …

Background Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynecological cancers, which is
frequently preceded by atypical endometrial hyperplasia, a premalignant lesion. Metformin …

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine-metabolic disorder characterized by
hyperandrogenism and ovulatory dysfunction but also obesity and hyperinsulinemia. These …

Simple Summary This literature analysis is focused on the pleiotropic action associated with
metformin treatment. Precisely, metformin treatment exerts many health effects, mainly by …

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at increased risk of miscarriage, which
often accompanies the hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance seen in these patients …

Context Low-grade chronic inflammation is commonly seen in polycystic ovary syndrome
(PCOS) patients with elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines in the endometrium …

Metformin exerts antitumor effects mainly through AMP-activated protein kinase [AMPK]
activation and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase [PI3K]-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin …