This review investigates the effects of psychological stress on the human body measured
through biosignals. When a potentially threatening stimulus is perceived, a cascade of …

The study of inflammation in fear-and anxiety-based disorders has gained interest as
growing literature indicates that pro-inflammatory markers can directly modulate affective …

Objective: Biomarkers are defined as anatomical, biochemical or physiological traits that are
specific to certain disorders or syndromes. The objective of this paper is to summarise the …

Anxiety-related conditions are among the most difficult neuropsychiatric diseases to treat
pharmacologically, but respond to cognitive therapies. There has therefore been interest in …

The deleterious effects of chronic stress on health and its contribution to the development of
mental illness attract broad attention worldwide. An important development in the last few …

BackgroundAnxiety has been associated with new-onset cardiovascular disease (CVD), but
the quality of this relationship is unclear. Only if anxiety is a causal, independent …

Anxiety disorders are a group of highly prevalent mental health conditions that can have a
debilitating impact on daily functioning and well-being. They can co-occur with other mental …

Abstract Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function may change over the course of
aging, and altered diurnal or stress-induced secretion of the hormone cortisol could …

Background Comorbidity of depressive and anxiety disorders is common and remains
incompletely comprehended. This paper summarizes findings from the Netherlands Study of …

Given the high prevalence of early life stress (ELS) and the potential physiological
dysregulation such experiences can lead to, this meta-analysis tested the relationship …