What roles do mesolimbic and neostriatal dopamine systems play in reward? Do they
mediate the hedonic impact of rewarding stimuli? Do they mediate hedonic reward learning …

High rates of relapse to drug use during abstinence is a defining feature of drug addiction. In
abstinent drug users, drug relapse is often precipitated by acute exposure to the self …

Studies addressing behavioral functions of dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens septi
(NAS) are reviewed. A role of NAS DA in reward has long been suggested. However, some …

Rational and objectives. The reinstatement model is currently used in many laboratories to
investigate mechanisms underlying relapse to drug seeking. Here, we review briefly the …

Drug abuse and dependence define behavioral states involving increased allocation of
behavior towards drug seeking and taking at the expense of more appropriate behavioral …

Drug addiction can be conceptualized as a disturbance of behavior motivated by drug-
conditioned incentives. This abnormality has been explained by Incentive-Sensitization and …

The role of limbic-striato-pallidal circuitry in cocaine-induced reinstatement was evaluated.
The transient inhibition of brain nuclei associated with motor systems [including the ventral …

Cues associated with rewards, such as food or drugs of abuse, can themselves acquire
motivational properties. Acting as incentive stimuli, such cues can exert powerful control …

Some psychoactive drugs are abused because of their ability to act as reinforcers. As a
consequence behavioural patterns (such as drug‐seeking/drug‐taking behaviours) are …

The objective of this article is to review data from studies that used a reinstatement model in
rats to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying relapse to heroin and cocaine seeking …