The exploration of the universe has recently entered a new era thanks to the multi-
messenger paradigm, characterized by a continuous increase in the quantity and quality of …

High-energy cosmic rays are observed indirectly by detecting the extensive air showers
initiated in Earth's atmosphere. The interpretation of these observations relies on accurate …

We report a measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays for energies above 2.5× 10
18 eV based on 215,030 events recorded with zenith angles below 60°. A key feature of the …

The present white paper is submitted as part of the “Snowmass” process to help inform the
long-term plans of the United States Department of Energy and the National Science …

We present a new version of the hadron interaction event generator sibyll. While the core
ideas of the model have been preserved, the new version handles the production of baryon …

Abstract The Large Hadron–Electron Collider (LHeC) is designed to move the field of deep
inelastic scattering (DIS) to the energy and intensity frontier of particle physics. Exploiting …

We review open questions and prospects for progress in ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray
(UHECR) research, based on a series of discussions that took place during the “The High …

We report a measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 2.5× 10 18 eV
based on 215 030 events. New results are presented: at about 1.3× 10 19 eV, the spectral …

Abstract The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) is a planned large-scale
observatory of ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic particles, with energies exceeding 10 8 GeV …

Using the data taken at the Pierre Auger Observatory between December 2004 and
December 2012, we have examined the implications of the distributions of depths of …