Intracellular α-synuclein (α-syn)-rich protein aggregates called Lewy pathology (LP) and
neuronal death are commonly found in the brains of patients with clinical Parkinson disease …

The cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are caused by the death of
dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN c). Alpha‐synuclein …

Mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction have been implicated in substantia nigra
dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD), but how these pathways are …

How do neurons match generation of adenosine triphosphate by mitochondria to the
bioenergetic demands of regenerative activity? Although the subject of speculation, this …

Voltage-gated calcium channels are required for many key functions in the body. In this
review, the different subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels are described and their …

Ion channels play a central role in the regulation of nearly every cellular process. Dating
back to the classic 1952 Hodgkin–Huxley model of the generation of the action potential, ion …

Neurodegenerative disorders are currently incurable devastating diseases which are
characterized by the slow and progressive loss of neurons in specific brain regions …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by selective loss of
dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) region of the midbrain …

DJ-1 protein has multiple specific mechanisms to protect dopaminergic neurons against
neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Wild type DJ-1 can acts as oxidative stress …

Abstract Calcium (Ca 2+) is a ubiquitous second messenger that regulates various activities
in eukaryotic cells. Especially important role calcium plays in excitable cells. Neurons …