Cell walls are essential for plant growth and development, providing support and protection
from external environments. Callose is a glucan that accumulates in specialized cell wall …

Salicylic acid (SA) is a natural potent signaling molecule, synthesized from the amino acid
phenylalanine or chorismate, involved in induction of plant defense strategies associated …

The Tubby domain, named after the TUBBY protein in mice, binds to phosphatidylinositol 4,
5‐bisphosphate. Arabidopsis has 11 Tubby domain‐containing proteins referred to as …

Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could potentially enhance photosynthesis and
benefit plant growth by improving soil nutrient uptake and affecting plant hormone balance …

The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) has a crucial role in plant physiology. Its role is best
described in the context of plant response to pathogen attack. During infection, SA is rapidly …

Eukaryotic cells are confined by membranes that create hydrophobic barriers for substance
and information exchange between the inside and outside of the cell. These barriers are …

Deciphering the heat stress signaling pathway will increase our ability to improve the
thermotolerance of the economically important seaweed species Pyropia haitanensis, as …

The actin cytoskeleton is widely involved in plant immune responses. The majority of studies
show that chemical disruption of the actin cytoskeleton increases plant susceptibility to …

The heterooctameric vesicle-tethering complex exocyst is important for plant development,
growth, and immunity. Multiple paralogs exist for most subunits of this complex; especially …

In plant models such as Arabidopsis thaliana, phosphatidic acid (PA), a key molecule of lipid
signaling, was shown not only to be involved in stress responses, but also in plant …