In the brain, neuronal gene expression is dynamically changed in response to neuronal
activity. In particular, the expression of immediate-early genes (IEGs) such as egr-1, c-fos …

Organism-level systems biology aims to identify, analyze, control and design cellular circuits
in organisms. Many experimental and computational approaches have been developed …

The neuronal gene Arc is essential for long-lasting information storage in the mammalian
brain, mediates various forms of synaptic plasticity, and has been implicated in …

Understanding how neural information is processed in physiological and pathological states
would benefit from precise detection, localization, and quantification of the activity of all …

Dendritic spines are the major loci of synaptic plasticity and are considered as possible
structural correlates of memory. Nonetheless, systematic manipulation of specific subsets of …

Targeting genetically encoded tools for neural circuit dissection to relevant cellular
populations is a major challenge in neurobiology. We developed an approach, targeted …

Optical methods for viewing neuronal populations and projections in the intact mammalian
brain are needed, but light scattering prevents imaging deep into brain structures. We …

Two facts about the hippocampus have been common currency among neuroscientists for
several decades. First, lesions of the hippocampus in humans prevent the acquisition of new …

The advent of unbiased recording and imaging techniques to evaluate firing activity across
neocortical neurons has revealed substantial heterogeneity in response properties in vivo …

Summary Arc/Arg3. 1 is robustly induced by plasticity-producing stimulation and specifically
targeted to stimulated synaptic areas. To investigate the role of Arc/Arg3. 1 in synaptic …