Simple Summary Presently, the investigation of the tumor is carried out using different
models. One of the promising areas is the creation of 3D tumor models, such as spheroids …

Patient‐derived cancer cells (PDCs) and patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs) are often used
as tumor models, but have many shortcomings. PDCs not only lack diversity in terms of cell …

Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women. There were over two-
million new cases in world in 2018. It is the second leading cause of death from cancer in …

Tumor development and progression require chemical and mechanical cues derived from
cellular and non-cellular components in the tumor microenvironment, including the …

Organoids are a new type of 3D model for tumor research, which makes up for the
shortcomings of cell lines and xenograft models, and promotes the development of …

The metastatic process is arduous. Cancer cells must escape the confines of the primary
tumor, make their way into and travel through the circulation, then survive and proliferate in …

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women globally.
Although mouse models have been critical in advancing the knowledge of BC tumorigenesis …

Patient-derived cancer organoids hold great potential to accurately model and predict
therapeutic responses. Efficient organoid isolation methods that minimize post-collection …

Patient‐derived organoids (PDOs) developed ex vivo and in vitro are increasingly used for
therapeutic screening. They provide a more physiologically relevant model for drug …

Breast cancer stands as the most prevalent and heterogeneous malignancy affecting
women globally, posing a substantial health concern. Enhanced comprehension of tumor …