Background: Among his major cardiac electrophysiological contributions, Miles Vaughan
Williams (1918–2016) provided a classification of antiarrhythmic drugs that remains central …

Cardiac arrhythmia is one of the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases worldwide, which
can occur alone or be triggered by other diseases, and it can be fatal in severe cases …

De novo variants in SCN2A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) show
distinctive genotype–phenotype correlations. The two most recurrent SCN2A variants in …

Acute cardiac hypoxia produces life-threatening elevations in late sodium current (I LATE) in
the human heart. Here, we show the underlying mechanism: hypoxia induces rapid …

An ageing myocardium possesses significant electrophysiological alterations that
predisposes the elderly patient to arrhythmic risk. Whilst these alterations are intrinsic to the …

Cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1. 5, encoded by SCN5A, is crucial for the
upstroke of action potential and excitation of cardiomyocytes. NaV1. 5 undergoes complex …

Dapagliflozin (dapa) and empagliflozin (empa) are sodium-glucose cotransporter-2
inhibitors (SGLT2is) that reduce morbidity and mortality in heart failure (HF) patients. Sodium …

Increasing extracellular [Ca2+]([Ca2+] o) strongly decreases intrinsic excitability in neurons
but the mechanism is unclear. By one hypothesis,[Ca2+] o screens surface charge, reducing …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in chronic
kidney disease (CKD) patients. QT interval prolongation is a congenital or acquired …

Late sodium current (I NaL) is a small sustained inward current observed during the cardiac
action potential plateau phase following decay of the early peak I Na. The endogenous I …