Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease with a poor prognosis. To date, the
pathogenesis of SSc is still unclear; moreover, its pathological conditions include …

The two major subsets of peripheral T cells are classically divided into the CD4+ T helper
cells and the cytotoxic CD8+ T cell lineage. However, the appearance of some effector …

Mice with a loss-of-function mutation in the LAT adaptor (LatY136F) develop an autoimmune
and type 2 inflammatory disorder called defective LAT signalosome pathology (DLSP). We …

Many studies have been performed in severe COVID-19 on immune cells in the circulation
and on cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. Most studies have tended to provide …

Background How T follicular (Tfh) cells contribute to many different B-cell class-switching
events during T-cell–dependent immune responses has been unclear. Diseases with …

CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were recently implicated in immune-mediated
inflammation and fibrosis progression of Graves' orbitopathy (GO). However, little is known …

Fibrotic diseases take a very heavy toll in terms of morbidity and mortality equal to or even
greater than that caused by metastatic cancer. In this review, we examine the pathogenesis …

Background IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), an example of a type I immune disease, is an
immune-mediated fibrotic disorder characterized by dysregulated resolution of severe …

Background Germinal center (GC) responses controlled by T follicular helper (Tfh) and T
follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells are crucial for the generation of high-affinity antibodies …

Abstract (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated fibrotic disorder characterized by severe
resolution of inflammation and dysregulation of wound healing. IgG4-RD has been …