Zr–Hf and Nb–Ta are two elemental twins, each of which has the same valence (ie 5+ for Nb
and Ta, and 4+ for Zr and Hf) and same ionic size at a given coordination number (eg …

Tracing and identifying recycled carbonates is a key issue to reconstruct the deep carbon
cycle. To better understand carbonate subduction and recycling beneath the southeastern …

The numerous chemical and isotopic studies of oceanic basalts have shaped our perception
of mantle geochemistry over the last six decades. As partial melts of Earth's mantle, basalts …

The late Maastrichtian was a time of major climate, evolution and extinction extremes. Rapid
climate warming of 2–3° C in intermediate waters between 69.5 and 68 Ma (top C31r to …

Recent exploration has identified a series of Cu-Mo skarn deposits within the Xuancheng-
Magushan orefield. The orefield forms part of the Nanling-Xuancheng mining district, which …

The role of the Kerguelen plume in breaking up eastern Gondwana is so far unclear.
Recently, the initial magmatic record of the plume has been identified in the Comei igneous …

The Niangzhong diabase dikes, dated at 138.1±0.4 Ma, are located within the outcrop area
of the Comei large igneous province (LIP). These diabase samples can be divided into two …

The debatable timing of India–Eurasia collision is based on geologic, stratigraphic,
kinematic, and tectonic evidence. However, the collision event disturbed persistent …

Abstract The Ninetyeast Ridge is an∼ 5500 km long, north–south-oriented, submarine
volcanic ridge in the eastern Indian Ocean that formed from magmatism associated with the …

Seamount chains (oceanic plateaus, submarine ridges) are unique morphologic features on
the seafloor, which resulted from the motion of the lithosphere over a convective plume …