Our immune defense depends on two specialized armed forces. The innate force acts as an
alarm mechanism that senses changes in the microenvironment through the recognition of …

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides that can down-regulate cellular elements of the immune
system have been developed and are being widely studied in preclinical models. These …

Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) has been identified as a telomere-associated
regulator of chromosome end protection. Here, we report that TERRA can also be found in …

Cells engage numerous signaling pathways in response to oxidative stress that together
repair macromolecular damage or direct the cell toward apoptosis. As a result of DNA …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic multisystem autoimmune disease with a
broad range of clinical manifestations, is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis (AT) …

The immune system plays a fundamental role in both the development and pathobiology of
stroke. Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that have come to be recognized as …

Summary Double-stranded (ds) DNA, DNA-or RNA-associated nucleoproteins are the
primary autoimmune targets in SLE, yet their relative inability to trigger similar autoimmune …

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the immunoinhibitory properties of a lymph nodes-
targeting suppressive oligonucleotide (ODN) for the potential treatment of autoimmune …

Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. MD-2 is a 25-kDa
lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein that forms a heterodimer with TLR42, but its …

TLR3 is a key receptor for recognition of double-stranded RNA and initiation of immune
responses against viral infections. However, hyperactive responses can have adverse …