Therapeutic cancer vaccines, an exciting development in cancer immunotherapy, share the
goal of creating and amplifying tumor-specific T-cell responses, but significant obstacles still …

Simple Summary Immunotherapy helps a person's immune system to target tumor cells.
Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibition …

Abstract Anti-programmed death (PD)-1 (aPD1) therapy is an effective treatment for
metastatic melanoma (MM); however, over 50% of patients progress due to resistance. We …

The identification and characterization of tumor antigens are central objectives in developing
anti-cancer immunotherapy. Traditionally, tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are considered …

CD8+ T cells are the front-line defensive cells against cancer. Reduced infiltration and
effector function of CD8+ T cells occurs in cancer and is contributed to defective immunity …

Expression of the L-arginine catabolizing enzyme arginase 1 (ARG1) is a central
immunosuppressive mechanism mediated by tumor-educated myeloid cells. Increased …

Metabolic alterations occur commonly in tumor cells as a way to adapt available energetic
sources for their proliferation, survival and resistance. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 …

Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with very poor
survival, making it the third and fourth leading cause of all cancer-related deaths in the USA …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a fatal brain tumor in adults with a bleak diagnosis.
Expansion of immunosuppressive and malignant CD4+ FoxP3+ GITR+ regulatory T cells is …

ABSTRACT CCL22 is a macrophage-derived immunosuppressive chemokine that recruits
regulatory T cells through the CCL22: CCR4 axis. CCL22 was shown to play a key role in …