Gram-negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that contain biologically
active proteins and perform diverse biological processes. Unlike other secretion …

The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is essential for their survival in harsh
environments and provides intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics. This membrane is …

Biotechnological production in bacteria enables access to numerous valuable chemical
compounds. Nowadays, advanced molecular genetic toolsets, enzyme engineering as well …

Fission of bacterial cells involves the co‐ordinated invagination of the envelope layers.
Invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane (IM) and peptidoglycan (PG) layer is likely driven …

In the 1960s several groups reported the isolation and preliminary genetic mapping of
Escherichia coli strains tol erant towards the action of colicins. These pioneering studies kick …

Epigenetic processes are the main conductors of phenotypic variation in eukaryotes. The
malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum employs antigenic variation of the major surface …

The protein Pal (peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein) is anchored in the outer membrane
(OM) of Gram-negative bacteria and interacts with Tol proteins. Tol–Pal proteins form two …

Tol-Pal is a multiprotein system present in the envelope of Gram-negative bacteria.
Inactivation of this widely conserved machinery compromises the outer membrane (OM) …

The outer membrane of Gram‐negative bacteria is a crucial permeability barrier allowing the
cells to survive a myriad of toxic compounds, including many antibiotics. This innate form of …

The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria acts as a barrier against harmful lipophilic
compounds and larger molecules unable to diffuse freely through the porins. However, outer …