This article summarizes anatomical, neurophysiological, pharmacological, and brain
imaging studies in humans and animals that have provided insights into the neural circuitry …

Results from functional brain scanning have shown that neural control of the bladder
involves many different regions. Yet, many aspects of this complex system can be simplified …

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is involved in the regulation of physiologic and
homeostatic parameters relating particularly to the visceral organs and the co-ordination of …

Impaired bladder emptying is a well‐recognized cause of lower urinary tract symptoms.
However, the symptoms produced do not always relate to voiding, and may include …

Purpose: Normal voiding in neurologically intact patients is triggered by the release of tonic
inhibition from suprapontine centers, allowing the pontine micturition center to trigger the …

Purpose Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction, which is common in patients with
multiple sclerosis, has a significant impact on quality of life. In this study we sought to …

Several studies have used a variety of neuroimaging techniques to measure brain activity
during the voiding phase of micturition. However, there is a lack of consensus on which …

Central control of the bladder is a complex process. With the development of functional
imaging technology and analysis methods, research on brain-bladder control has become …

Recent functional brain imaging studies, building on earlier observations, suggest a working
model of brain control of the lower urinary tract. It comprises a few cerebral neural circuits …

Introduction MSA is an adult-onset, sporadic, progressive parkinsonian syndrome
characterised by the presence of akinesia, cerebellar dysfunction, autonomic failure and …