Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) is used in the perioperative arena to monitor
patients during life-threatening emergencies, cardiac and high-risk non-cardiac surgeries. It …

Intraoperative echocardiography of the mitral valve has evolved from a qualitative
assessment of flow-dependent variables to quantitative geometric analyses before and after …

Objectives The aim of this study was to develop a high-fidelity minimally invasive mitral valve
surgery (MIMVS) simulator. Methods The process of industrial serial design was applied …

Aims To assess mitral annulus dynamics in primary and secondary mitral regurgitation (MR)
with 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE) and the impact on MR …

Over the years, medical image tracking has gained considerable attention from both medical
and research communities due to its widespread utility in a multitude of clinical applications …

Functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) occurs when normal or nearly normal mitral leaflets are
prevented from proper coaptation by underlying left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, mitral …

Background The dynamic shape of the normal adult mitral annulus has been shown to be
important to mitral valve function. However, annular dynamics of the healthy mitral valve in …

Background The mitral valve has a complex three-dimensional (3D) morphology that is
incompletely described by two-dimensional echocardiography (echo). Three-dimensional …

Address reprint requests to Feroze Mahmood, MD, Associate Professor of Anesthesia,
Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 1 Deaconess Road, CC …

Mitral annulus (MA) geometry and dynamics are crucial for preserving normal mitral valve
(MV) function. Static reference values for MA parameters have been reported, but the normal …