Alterations in olfactory functions are proposed to be early biomarkers for neurodegeneration.
Many neurodegenerative diseases are age-related, including two of the most common …

A wealth of animal data implicates the amygdala in aspects of emotional processing. In
recent years, functional neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies have begun to refine …

Whether we feel sympathy for another, listen to our heartbeat, experience pain or negotiate,
the insular cortex is thought to integrate perceptions, emotions, thoughts, and plans into one …

Sleep facilitates memory consolidation. A widely held model assumes that this is because
newly encoded memories undergo covert reactivation during sleep. We cued new memories …

The insula is anatomically situated to be critically involved in many bio-behavioral functions
impaired in schizophrenia. Furthermore, its total volume has been shown to be reduced in …

Thalamus. The human thalamus is a nuclear complex located in the diencephalon and
comprising of four parts (the hypothalamus, the epythalamus, the ventral thalamus, and the …

It remains unclear how the brain represents external objective sensory events alongside our
internal subjective impressions of them—affect. Representational mapping of population …

It has become accepted in the neuroscience community that perception and performance
are quintessentially multisensory by nature. Using the full palette of modern brain imaging …

Complementary neuronal recordings in primates, and functional neuroimaging in humans,
show that the primary taste cortex in the anterior insula provides separate and combined …

Perceptions of the flavors of foods or beverages reflect information derived from multiple
sensory afferents, including gustatory, olfactory, and somatosensory fibers. Although flavor …