Symbiotic microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract promote health by decreasing
susceptibility to infection and enhancing resistance to a range of diseases. In this Review …

Throughout their evolutionary history, bacteria have faced diverse threats from other
microorganisms, including competing bacteria, bacteriophages and predators. In response …

A dense and diverse microbial community inhabits the gut and many epithelial surfaces.
Referred to as the microbiota, it co-evolved with the host and is beneficial for many host …

Animal hosts have initiated myriad symbiotic associations with microorganisms and often
have maintained these symbioses for millions of years, spanning drastic changes in …

The Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a protein translocation nanomachine widespread
among Gram‐negative bacteria and used as a means to deliver effectors directly into target …

The bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS) system is a contractile secretion apparatus
that delivers proteins to neighboring bacterial or eukaryotic cells. Antibacterial effectors are …

Commensal microbes in animal guts often help to exclude bacterial pathogens. In honey
bees, perturbing or depleting the gut microbiota increases host mortality rates upon …

The study of bacteria interacting with their environment has historically centered on
strategies for obtaining nutrients and resisting abiotic stresses. We argue this focus has …

To establish and maintain an ecological niche, bacteria employ a wide range of pathways to
inhibit the growth of their microbial competitors. Some of these pathways, such as those that …

Many bacterial species use Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) to deliver anti-bacterial
effector proteins into neighbouring bacterial cells, representing an important mechanism of …