High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nonhistone nuclear protein that has multiple
functions according to its subcellular location. In the nucleus, HMGB1 is a DNA chaperone …

Fifty years since the initial discovery of HMGB1 in 1973 as a structural protein of chromatin,
HMGB1 is now known to regulate diverse biological processes depending on its subcellular …

Ferroptosis is a type of iron-dependent regulated cell death characterized by unrestricted
lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. Although GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) plays …

Ferroptosis is a type of regulated necrosis caused by unrestricted lipid peroxidation and
subsequent plasma membrane rupture. However, the lipid remodeling mechanism that …

In eukaryotic cells, macromolecular homeostasis requires selective degradation of damaged
units by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. Thus, dysfunctional …

Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host
systemic inflammatory and immune response to infection. Over decades, advanced …

Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved cellular
process capable of degrading various biological molecules (eg, protein, glycogen, lipids …

Macroautophagy/autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that results in lysosome-
mediated recycling of organelles and protein aggregates, as well as the destruction of …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of short-lived, highly reactive, oxygen-
containing molecules that can induce DNA damage and affect the DNA damage response …

Autophagy is an intracellular degradative process that occurs under several stressful
conditions, including organelle damage, the presence of abnormal proteins, and nutrient …