There are seven relaxin family peptides that are all structurally related to insulin. Relaxin has
many roles in female and male reproduction, as a neuropeptide in the central nervous …

This article reviews results on diVerentiation, structure, and regulation of Leydig cells in the
testes of rodents and men. Two different populations—fetal and adult Leydig cells—can be …

Five main cell types are present in the Leydig cell lineage, namely the mesenchymal
precursor cells, progenitor cells, newly formed adult Leydig cells, immature Leydig cells, and …

Abstract Insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) is a small peptide hormone made and secreted
uniquely by mature Leydig cells in the testes of all mammals. Importantly, this expression …

Fetal growth plays a role in programming of adult cardiometabolic disorders, which in men,
are associated with lowered testosterone levels. Fetal growth and fetal androgen exposure …

Targeted inactivation of the insulin-like hormone 3 (insl3) gene in male mice results in
altered gubernacular development, disrupted testis decent, and cryptorchidism …

Two experiments were carried out to study the effect of nutrition on embryo development in
two periods in superovulated ewes (Expt 1) and on oocyte developmental capacity during …

Drugs and environmental chemicals can adversely affect the reproductive system. Currently,
available data indicate that the consequences of exposure depend on the nature of the …

Ghrelin, the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone-secretagogue receptor, is a recently
cloned 28-amino acid peptide, expressed primarily in the stomach and hypothalamus, with …

The relaxin-like factor (RLF), which is the product of the insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) gene, is
a new circulating peptide hormone of the relaxin-insulin family. In male mammals, it is a …