A physiological level of oxygen/nitrogen free radicals and non-radical reactive species
(collectively known as ROS/RNS) is termed oxidative eustress or “good stress” and is …

Atherosclerosis is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading
cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is initiated by endothelium activation and …

Oxidative stress is closely related to the physiopathology of numerous diseases. Reactive
oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive sulfur species (RSS) …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, characterized by the
formation of plaques containing lipid, connective tissue and immune cells in the intima of …

The endothelium, a cellular monolayer lining the blood vessel wall, plays a critical role in
maintaining multiorgan health and homeostasis. Endothelial functions in health include …

Exosomes play a role as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, thus exhibiting pleiotropic
activities to homeostasis regulation. Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of receptors that can directly recognize the
specific molecular structures on the surface of pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged …

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the most abundant cell in vessels. Earlier
experiments have found that VSMCs possess high plasticity. Vascular injury stimulates …

Disturbed cholesterol homeostasis plays critical roles in the development of multiple
diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), neurodegenerative diseases and …

Diabetic sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy (DSPN) is a serious complication of diabetes
mellitus and is associated with increased mortality, lower-limb amputations and distressing …