Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the large arteries that is the major cause of
cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke. Here, we review the current understanding of the …

Aims This report from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Atlas Project updates and
expands upon the widely cited 2019 report in presenting cardiovascular disease (CVD) …

Background & Aims An international expert panel proposed a new definition for metabolic
dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) as a name change from nonalcoholic …

Background Social isolation, the relative absence of or infrequency of contact with different
types of social relationships, and loneliness (perceived isolation) are associated with …

Since the publication of the last American Heart Association scientific statement on air
pollution and cardiovascular disease in 2010, unequivocal evidence of the causal role of …

Inhalation of fine particulate matter (PM2. 5), produced by the combustion of fossil fuels, is
an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Exposure to PM2. 5 has been linked to …

Large epidemiological and health impact assessment studies at the global scale, such as
the Global Burden of Disease project, indicate that chronic non-communicable diseases …

European guidelines on cardiovascular prevention in clinical practice were first published in
1994 and have been regularly updated, most recently in 2016, by the Sixth European Joint …

Níveis de evidência Nível A Dados obtidos a partir de múltiplos estudos randomizados de
bom porte, concordantes e/ou de meta-análise robusta de estudos clínicos randomizados …

Precision medicine is an integrative approach to cardiovascular disease prevention and
treatment that considers an individual's genetics, lifestyle, and exposures as determinants of …