The 22q11. 2 deletion is one of the most common genetic microdeletions, affecting
approximately 1 in 4000 live births in humans. A 1.5 to 2.5 Mb hemizygous deletion of …

The cranial base is formed by endochondral ossification and functions as a driver of
anteroposterior cranial elongation and overall craniofacial growth. The cranial base contains …

Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a congenital defect that usually results from aberrant
development of embryonic pharyngeal arches. However, the molecular basis of CFM …

Cranial base synchondroses are the endochondral ossification centers for cranial base
growth and thus indispensable for proper skull, brain, and midfacial development. The …

Spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) is the joint regarded as the most important
foundation for understanding cranial osteopathy and craniosacral therapy. SOS is the origin …

The cranial base is a multifunctional bony platform within the core of the cranium, spanning
rostral to caudal ends. This structure provides support for the brain and skull vault above …

The platyrrhine family Cebidae (capuchin and squirrel monkeys) exhibit among the largest
primate encephalization quotients. Each cebid lineage is also characterized by notable …

Abstract Ellis–van Creveld syndrome (EvC) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder
involving pathogenic variants of EVC and EVC2 genes and classified as a ciliopathy. The …

Changes in gene regulatory elements play critical roles in human phenotypic divergence.
However, identifying the base-pair changes responsible for the distinctive morphology of …

The genetic architecture of trait variance has long been of interest in genetics and evolution.
One of the earliest attempts to understand this architecture was presented in Lerner's …