Migraine is a complex neurovascular disorder, which causes intense socioeconomic
problems worldwide. The pathophysiology of disease is enigmatic; accordingly, therapy is …

This review summarizes the relationship between diet, the gut microbiome, and migraine.
Key findings reveal that certain dietary factors, such as caffeine and alcohol, can trigger …

Migraine, the leading cause of disability in the population aged below 50, is associated with
functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders (FGIDs) such as functional nausea, cyclic vomiting …

Migraine is a chronic disorder with episodic attacks, and patients with a migraine often report
that certain factors can trigger their headache, with chocolate being the most popular type of …

Migraine is among the most common and debilitating neurological disorders typically
affecting people of working age. It is characterised by a unilateral, pulsating headache often …

Altered tryptophan (TRP) metabolism may have an important role in migraine susceptibility
through its main metabolites, serotonin and kynurenine (KYN). Both affect pain processing …

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to explore sleep patterns and the potential
relationship between sleep and tryptophan intake among Spanish university students. A …

Background Abdominal migraine (AM) is a clinical diagnosis specified by Rome IV and
ICHD III as a functional gastrointestinal disease (FGID) and a migraine associated …

Altered periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) functional connectivity contributes to brain
hyperexcitability in migraine. Although tryptophan modulates neurotransmission in PAG …

Background Altered glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuropeptide levels play a central
role in migraine pathomechanism. Previously, we confirmed that kynurenic acid, an …