A class of hydrophilic polymers known as “hydrogels” have extensive water content and
three-dimensional crosslinked networks. Since the old period, they have been utilized as …

Root damage from urban street trees represents a substantial concern arising from the
conflict between root growth and limited growth spaces. Nonetheless, the phenomenon of …

Understanding the response of plants to varied gravitational conditions is vital for
developing effective food production in space bioregenerative life support systems. This …

Researchers have been studying transcriptomic and proteomic responses of plants to
ranges of reduced gravitational conditions. These include blue and red light in microgravity …

Advancements in plant space biology are required for the realization of human space
exploration missions, where the re-supply of resources from Earth is not feasible. Until a few …

Background Long-term space missions will necessarily require producing viable seeds to be
used for plant cultivation over time under altered gravity conditions. Pollen is known to play a …

Colonization of man surpasses the tropospheric atmosphere of Earth and is targeting to
create new generation of people in space, particularly Mars, in the future. This relies on the …

Root growth and their interactions can provide valuable information for the development of
asynchronous logic systems. Here, maize root behavior due to positive gravitropism and …

Background Root phenotyping is particularly challenging because of complexity and
inaccessibility of root apparatus. Orientation is one of the most important architectural traits …

Nitrate is a macronutrient substantial for plant root and shoot growth, however, the
availability of nitrate within soil-based and soilless cultivation environments is not …