The complexity of life boils down to the definition:“self-sustained chemical system capable of
undergoing Darwinian evolution”(Joyce, 1994)[1]. The term “self-sustained” implies a set of …

Life is made of the intimate interaction of metabolism and genetics, both built around the
chemistry of the most common elements of the Universe (hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and …

All cells contain much more potassium, phosphate, and transition metals than modern (or
reconstructed primeval) oceans, lakes, or rivers. Cells maintain ion gradients by using …

The Miller–Urey experiments pioneered modern research on the molecular origins of life,
but their actual relevance in this field was later questioned because the gas mixture used in …

Interstellar formamide (NH2CHO) has recently attracted significant attention due to its
potential role as a molecular building block in the formation of precursor biomolecules …

Surface free energy remains a fundamental material property to characterize the interfacial
interactions between liquid and solid. Here, we developed a precise approach to determine …

Formamide can serve as a key building block for the synthesis of organic molecules relevant
to premetabolic processes. Natural pathways for its synthesis from CO2 under early earth …

We have designed a set of experiments to test the role of borosilicate reactor on the yielding
of the Miller–Urey type of experiment. Two experiments were performed in borosilicate …

Abstract 50 years after the historical Miller–Urey experiment, the formamide‐based scenario
is perhaps the most powerful concurrent hypothesis for the origin of life on our planet …

C–H bond amination is one of the most important reactions in organic synthesis. In recent
years, organic electrochemistry has gained significant attention as it utilizes electrons as …