Importance Parkinson disease is the most common form of parkinsonism, a group of
neurological disorders with Parkinson disease–like movement problems such as rigidity …

Background: Ever since the pioneering reports in the 60s, L-3, 4-Dioxyphenylalanine
(levodopa) has represented the gold standard for the treatment of Parkinson's Disease (PD) …

Background Although the COVID‐19 pandemic is affecting a relatively small proportion of
the global population, its effects have already reached everyone. The pandemic has the …

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Parkinson disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder that
affects millions of people worldwide. Important advances in the treatment, etiology, and the …

Introduction Levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG; carbidopa/levodopa enteral
suspension) has been widely used and studied for the treatment of motor fluctuations in …

Young-onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD), defined as age at onset between 21 and 40
years, presents unique motor and non-motor features that differentiate this subtype from the …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a gradually worsening neurodegenerative disorder affecting the
nervous system, marked by a slow progression and varied symptoms. It is the second most …

Motor fluctuations (MF) are deemed by patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) as the most
troublesome disease feature resulting from the increasing impairment in responsiveness to …

Background The addition of oral entacapone to levodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel treatment
leads to less conversion of levodopa to 3‐O‐methyldopa, thereby increasing levodopa …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the
substantia nigra pars compacta and other neuronal populations. The worldwide prevalence …