In 2017–2019, the March of Dimes convened a workgroup with biomedical, clinical, and
epidemiologic expertise to review knowledge of the causes of the persistent Black-White …

The developing brain in utero and during the first years of life is highly vulnerable to
environmental influences. Experiences occurring during this period permanently modify …

Importance Being born small for gestational age (SGA) is a leading cause of perinatal
morbidity and mortality with no effective prevention or therapy. Maternal suboptimal nutrition …

There is clear evidence that the mother's stress, anxiety, or depression during pregnancy
can alter the development of her fetus and her child, with an increased risk for later …

Growing evidence supports an important role for the intrauterine environment in shaping
fetal development and subsequent child health and disease risk. The fetal brain is …

Maternal obesity plays a key role in the health trajectory of the offspring. Although research
on this topic has largely focused on the potential of this condition to increase the risk for child …

Abstract Purpose of Review Disruptions in fetal development (via genetic and environmental
pathways) have been consistently associated with risk for schizophrenia in a variety of …

Early‐life adversity (ELA) in the form of stress, inflammation, or malnutrition, can increase the
risk of developing psychopathology or cognitive problems in adulthood. The neurobiological …

As the growing weight stigma literature has developed, one critically relevant and vulnerable
population has received little consideration—pregnant and postpartum women. Because …

Poor metabolic health during pregnancy is associated with health concerns for pregnant
individuals and their offspring. Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is one risk factor for poor …