The transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) family forms a group of three isoforms, TGF‐β1,
TGF‐β2, and TGF‐β3, with their structure formed by interrelated dimeric polypeptide chains …

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder that is characterized by low bone mass and micro-
architectural deterioration of bone tissue. Fractures of the proximal femur, the vertebrae and …

Bone mineral density (BMD) is a heritable complex trait used in the clinical diagnosis of
osteoporosis and the assessment of fracture risk. We performed meta-analysis of five …

Osteoporosis is a common disease with a strong genetic component characterized by
reduced bone mass, defects in the microarchitecture of bone tissue, and an increased risk of …

Background: Osteoporosis is a highly heritable trait. Many candidate genes have been
proposed as being involved in regulating bone mineral density (BMD). Few of these findings …

Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors,
which contributes to an increased risk of bone fracture, but early diagnosis of this disease …

Genomic technologies have evolved rapidly contributing to the understanding of diseases.
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and whole-exome sequencing have aided the …

Osteoporosis, or bone loss, is a progressive, systemic skeletal disease that affects millions of
people worldwide. Osteoporosis is generally age related, and it is underdiagnosed because …

Abstract Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a role
in several biological processes. TGF-β 1 is the most abundantly expressed isoform …

Purpose: in the last two decades, several evidences have been provided to support the
relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms and the susceptibility to develop …