The classical view of emotion hypothesizes that certain emotion categories have a specific
autonomic nervous system (ANS)“fingerprint” that is distinct from other categories …

Evolution has endowed all humans with a continuum of innate, hard-wired, automatically
activated defense behaviors, termed the defense cascade. Arousal is the first step in …

Understanding transient dynamics of the autonomic nervous system during fear learning
remains a critical step to translate basic research into treatment of fear‐related disorders. In …

The classroom is an emotional place. The countless hours students spend attending class,
completing projects, taking exams, and building social relationships translate into progress …

The ability to experience pleasant or unpleasant feelings or to represent objects as “positive”
or “negative” is known as representing hedonic “valence.” Although scientists …

The role of peripheral physiology in the experience of emotion has been debated since the
19th century following the seminal proposal by William James that somatic responses to …

This article evaluates the suitability of low frequency (LF) heart rate variability (HRV) as an
index of sympathetic cardiac control and the LF/high frequency (HF) ratio as an index of …

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity is viewed as a major component of the emotion
response in many recent theories of emotion. Positions on the degree of specificity of ANS …

This paper presents the Adaptive Calibration Model (ACM), an evolutionary–developmental
theory of individual differences in the functioning of the stress response system. The stress …

Metrics of heart period variability are widely used in the behavioral and biomedical sciences,
although somewhat confusingly labeled as heart rate variability (HRV). Despite their wide …