Optical atomic clocks represent the state of the art in the frontier of modern measurement
science. In this article a detailed review on the development of optical atomic clocks that are …

Precision metrology and quantum measurement often demand that matter be prepared in
well-defined quantum states for both internal and external degrees of freedom. Laser-cooled …

Einstein's theory of general relativity states that clocks at different gravitational potentials tick
at different rates relative to lab coordinates—an effect known as the gravitational redshift. As …

The passage of time is tracked by counting oscillations of a frequency reference, such as
Earth's revolutions or swings of a pendulum. By referencing atomic transitions, frequency …

Optical atomic clocks require local oscillators with exceptional optical coherence owing to
the challenge of performing spectroscopy on their ultranarrow-linewidth clock transitions …

MAGIS-100 is a next-generation quantum sensor under construction at Fermilab that aims to
explore fundamental physics with atom interferometry over a 100 m baseline. This novel …

Rapid progress in optical atomic clock performance has advanced the frontiers of
timekeeping, metrology and quantum science,–. Despite considerable efforts, the …

Neutral-atom arrays have recently emerged as a promising platform for quantum information
processing. One important remaining roadblock for the large-scale application of these …

Strontium optical lattice clocks have the potential to simultaneously interrogate millions of
atoms with a high spectroscopic quality factor of 4× 1017. Previously, atomic interactions …

We report an optical lattice clock with a total systematic uncertainty of 8.1× 10-19 in fractional
frequency units, representing the lowest uncertainty of any clock to date. The clock relies on …