With the development and regulatory approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive
cell therapies, cancer immunotherapy has undergone a profound transformation over the …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), involved in essential physiological and pathological processes
of the organism, have emerged as powerful tools for disease treatment owing to their unique …

Nanovaccines have gathered significant attention for their potential to elicit tumor-specific
immunological responses. Despite notable progress in tumor immunotherapy, nanovaccines …

Cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles (CMNPs) have recently emerged as a promising
platform for cancer therapy. By encapsulating therapeutic agents within a cell membrane …

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TDEs) have potential for therapeutic cancer vaccine
applications since they innately possess tumor-associated antigens, mediate antigen …

Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles with a size of 30–150 nm secreted by living cells. They
are vital players in cellular communication as they can transport proteins, nucleic acids …

Breakthroughs in actual clinical applications have begun through vaccine-based cancer
immunotherapy, which uses the body's immune system, both humoral and cellular, to attack …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a novel cell-free strategy for the treatment of
many diseases including cancer as they play important roles in cancer development and …

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) tailored to express tumor-specific antigens have
emerged as a promising strategy for cancer immunoprevention. Despite the potential of this …

Nano-delivery systems have demonstrated great promise in the therapy of cancer. However,
the therapeutic efficacy of conventional nanomedicines is hindered by the clearance of the …