Abstract Purpose of Review Atherosclerosis is now considered a chronic inflammatory
disease. Oxidative stress induced by generation of excess reactive oxygen species has …

Major reactive oxygen species (ROS)–producing systems in vascular wall include NADPH
(reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase, xanthine oxidase …

Polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) are important
regulators of immune responses in cancer and have been directly implicated in the …

Foam cells play a vital role in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. This review
aims to summarize the novel insights into the origins, consequences, and molecular …

During atherosclerosis, the gradual accumulation of lipids into the subendothelial space of
damaged arteries results in several lipid modification processes followed by macrophage …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondria play a pivotal role in regulating platelet
functions. Platelet activation determines a drastic change in redox balance and in platelet …

Formation of foam cells is a hallmark at the initial stages of atherosclerosis. Monocytes
attracted by pro‐inflammatory stimuli attach to the inflamed vascular endothelium and …

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) contributes to the atherosclerotic plaque formation
and progression by several mechanisms, including the induction of endothelial cell …

Atherosclerosis has long been known to be a chronic inflammatory disease. In addition,
there is intense oxidative stress in atherosclerosis resulting from an imbalance between the …

Ageing, infections and inflammation result in oxidative stress that can irreversibly damage
cellular structures. The oxidative damage of lipids in membranes or lipoproteins is one of …