The vertebrate control of locomotion involves all levels of the nervous system from cortex to
the spinal cord. Here, we aim to cover all main aspects of this complex behavior, from the …

In vertebrates, dopamine neurons are classically known to modulate locomotion via their
ascending projections to the basal ganglia that project to brainstem locomotor networks. An …

The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) is a brain stem area whose stimulation triggers
graded forward locomotion. How MLR neurons recruit downstream vsx2+(V2a) …

In Parkinson's disease (PD), the loss of midbrain dopaminergic cells results in severe
locomotor deficits, such as gait freezing and akinesia. Growing evidence indicates that these …

A comparison of the vertebrate motor systems of the oldest group of now living vertebrates
(lamprey) with that of mammals shows that there are striking similarities not only in the basic …

How do four-legged animals adapt their locomotion to the environment? How do central and
peripheral mechanisms interact within the spinal cord to produce adaptive locomotion and …

Dopamine neurons are classically known to modulate locomotion indirectly through
ascending projections to the basal ganglia that project down to brainstem locomotor …

The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) controls locomotion in vertebrates. In humans
with Parkinson disease, locomotor deficits are increasingly associated with decreased …

A key function of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) is to control the speed of
forward symmetrical locomotor movements. However, the ability of freely moving mammals …

Locomotion is a basic motor act essential for survival. Amongst other things, it allows
animals to move in their environment to seek food, escape predators, or seek mates for …