Brain function critically depends on a close matching between metabolic demands,
appropriate delivery of oxygen and nutrients, and removal of cellular waste. This matching …

In the brain, increases in neural activity drive changes in local blood flow via neurovascular
coupling. The common explanation for increased blood flow (known as functional …

Capillaries are equipped to sense neurovascular coupling agents released onto the outer
wall of a capillary, translating these external signals into electrical/Ca2+ changes that play a …

The CLDN5 gene encodes claudin-5 (CLDN-5) that is expressed in endothelial cells and
forms tight junctions which limit the passive diffusions of ions and solutes. The blood–brain …

Diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are often associated with vascular
disturbances or inflammation and frequently both. Consequently, endothelial cells and …

Over the last 4 decades, cell culture techniques have evolved towards the creation of in vitro
multicellular entities that incorporate the three-dimensional complexity of in vivo tissues and …

Blood-CNS barrier disruption is a hallmark of numerous neurological disorders, yet whether
barrier breakdown is sufficient to trigger neurodegenerative disease remains unresolved …

Local acidification is a common feature of many disease processes such as inflammation,
infarction, or solid tumor growth. Acidic pH is not merely a sequela of disease but contributes …

The group of proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) consists of the four
receptors GPR4, TDAG8 (GPR65), OGR1 (GPR68), and G2A (GPR132). These receptors …

We report the development of a head-mounted photoacoustic fiberscope for cerebral
imaging in a freely behaving mouse. The 4.5-gram imaging probe has a 9-µm lateral …