Once acquired, a fearful memory can persist for a lifetime. Although learned fear can be
extinguished, extinction memories are fragile. The resilience of fear memories to extinction …

The study of fear extinction represents an important example of translational neuroscience in
psychiatry and promises to improve the understanding and treatment of anxiety and fear …

“A rigorous, in-depth guide to the history, philosophy, and scientific exploration of this
widespread emotional state...[LeDoux] offers a magisterial review of the role of mind and …

Anxiety disorders constitute a sizeable worldwide health burden with profound social and
economic consequences. The symptoms are wide-ranging; from hyperarousal to difficulties …

This article is part of a Special Issue “SBN 2014”. Women are more vulnerable to stress-and
fear-based disorders, such as anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Despite the …

Abstract Nearly 100 years ago, Ivan Pavlov demonstrated that dogs could learn to use a
neutral cue to predict a biologically relevant event: after repeated predictive pairings …

Exposure-based treatments for clinical anxiety generally are very effective, but relapse is not
uncommon. Likewise, laboratory studies have shown that conditioned fears are easy to …

The psychology of extinction has been studied for decades. Approximately 10 years ago,
however, there began a concerted effort to understand the neural circuits of extinction of fear …

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) regulates emotional responses, but it is unclear how PFC
integrates diverse inputs to select the appropriate response. We therefore evaluated the …

Functional connections (FC) between the amygdala and cortical and subcortical regions
underlie a range of affective and cognitive processes. Despite the central role amygdala …