The key message from the 1958 Edelman study states that combinations of external gains or
losses of sodium, potassium and water leading to an increase of the fraction (total body …

Homeostasis of fluid and electrolytes is a tightly controlled physiological process. Failure of
this process is a hallmark of hypertension, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, and other …

Purpose Recent studies, conducted mainly on the rodent model, have demonstrated that
regulatory pathway in the skin provided by glycosaminoglycans, nuclear factor of activated T …

Heparan sulfate (HS) is a type of glycosaminoglycan that plays a key role in a variety of
biological functions in neurology, skeletal development, immunology, and tumor metastasis …

Migration is one of the most energy-demanding tasks in avian life cycle. Many birds might
not have sufficient fuel stores to cover long distances, so they must stop to rest and refuel at …

Background By binding to negatively charged polysaccharides called glycosaminoglycans,
sodium can be stored in the body—particularly in the skin—without concurrent water …

Homeostasis of body fluid is a key component for maintaining health. An imbalance of body
sodium and water causes various pathological states, such as dehydration, volume …

Nature offers a variety of structurally unique, sulfated endobiotics including sulfated
glycosaminoglycans, sulfated tyrosine peptides, sulfated steroids/bile acids/catecholamines …

Essential hypertension (HT) is the global health problem and is a major risk factor for the
development of cardiovascular and kidney disease. High salt intake has been associated …

Sodium (Na+) can accumulate in the skin tissue, sequestered by negatively charged
glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). During dietary salt overload, the amount and charge density of …