The past decade has witnessed exponentially growing interest in the lateral habenula (LHb)
owing to new discoveries relating to its critical role in regulating negatively motivated …

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) regulate the rewarding actions of
nicotine contained in tobacco that establish and maintain the smoking habit. nAChRs also …

The brain reward circuit has a central role in reinforcing behaviors that are rewarding and
preventing behaviors that lead to punishment. Recent work has shown that the lateral …

The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) system represents a primary cell-signaling
pathway throughout systems and across species. PKA facilitates the actions of hormones …

Acetylcholine is an important neurotransmitter, and the habenulo-interpeduncular projection
is a major cholinergic pathway in the brain. To study the physiological properties of …

The mammalian habenula is involved in regulating the activities of serotonergic and
dopaminergic neurons. It consists of the medial and lateral habenulae, with each subregion …

The dorsal diencephalon, or epithalamus, contains the bilaterally paired habenular nuclei
and the pineal complex. The habenulae form part of the dorsal diencephalic conduction …

Influences of the habenular complex on electrophysiological and neurochemical aspects of
brain functioning are well known. However, its role in cognition has been sparsely …

Although the neuronal nicotinic receptor a6 subunit was cloned several years ago, its
functional significance remains to be investigated. Here we describe an in situ hybridization …

The posterior septum consisting of the triangular septum (TS) and the bed nucleus of the
anterior commissure (BAC) is predominantly linked with the medial habenula (MHb) and has …