Tropane alkaloids (TA) are valuable secondary plant metabolites which are mostly found in
high concentrations in the Solanaceae and Erythroxylaceae families. The TAs, which are …

Polyamines are amine-containing, low molecular weight, and ubiquitous polycationic
molecules present in almost all cells and free-living microbes, which are formed by aliphatic …

Abstract “Hairy root” systems, obtained by transforming plant tissues with the “natural genetic
engineer” Agrobacterium rhizogenes, have been known for more than three decades. To …

High stability of the production of secondary metabolites is an interesting characteristic of
hairy root cultures. For 25 years, hairy roots have been investigated as a biological system …

One of the aims of plant in vitro culture is to produce secondary plant metabolites using plant
cells and organ cultures, such as cell suspensions, adventitious, and hairy roots (among …

Hairy root (HR) culture, a successful biotechnology combining in vitro tissue culture with
recombinant DNA machinery, is intended for the genetic improvement of plants. This …

Alkaloids are nitrogen-containing natural products found in bacteria, fungi, animals, and
plants with complex and diverse structures. The widespread distribution of alkaloids along …

In the past two decades, hairy root research for the production of important secondary
metabolites has received a lot of attention. The addition of knowledge to overcome the …

Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous low-molecular-weight, aliphatic compounds with wide as
well as complex application in fundamental areas of plant growth and development. PAs are …

Medicinal and aromatic plants have always been intimately linked with human health and
culture. Plant-derived medicines constitute a substantial component of present day human …