Tumor development and metastasis are facilitated by the complex interactions between
cancer cells and their microenvironment, which comprises stromal cells and extracellular …

Abstract Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and its receptor (IL-2R) are essential in orchestrating immune
responses. Their function and expression in the tumor microenvironment make them …

In the past decade, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has emerged as a
promising immunotherapeutic approach for combating cancers, demonstrating remarkable …

Indolent CD4+ cytotoxic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell lymphoma involving the
small intestine was diagnosed in a patient who had previously received ciltacabtagene …

The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) signaling pathway is a major source of
dampened T cell activity in the tumor microenvironment. While clinical approaches to …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a group of nanoscale membrane-bound organelles
including exosomes, microvesicles (MVs), membrane particles, and apoptotic bodies, which …

Chimeric antigen receptor macrophage (CAR-MΦ) represents a significant advancement in
immunotherapy, especially for treating solid tumors where traditional CAR-T therapies face …

Whereas the contribution of tumor microenvironment to the profound immune suppression of
glioblastoma (GBM) is clear, tumor-cell intrinsic mechanisms that regulate resistance to CD8 …

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have proven themselves as transformative actors in chimeric
antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, surpassing traditional methods and addressing …

Abstract The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9
system, a groundbreaking innovation in genetic engineering, has revolutionized our …