Antibodies can impact pathogens in the presence or in the absence of effector cells or
effector molecules such as complement, and experiments can often sort out with precision …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a major public health burden. It is generally thought
that while B cell-and antibody-mediated immunity plays an important role in host defense …

Opportunistic infections caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii, Cryptococcus neoformans, and
ubiquitous airborne filamentous fungi have been recently reported in patients with …

Fungal cells change shape in response to environmental stimuli, and these morphogenic
transitions drive pathogenesis and niche adaptation. For example, dimorphic fungi switch …

Pathogenic fungi cause a wide range of syndromes in immune-competent and immune-
compromised individuals, with life-threatening disease primarily seen in humans with …

Since the original identification of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) as the gene defective in the
primary immunodeficiency X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in 1993, our knowledge on …

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is still a major threat to
mankind, urgently requiring improved vaccination and therapeutic strategies to reduce TB …

Cryptococcosis is caused by the fungal genus Cryptococcus. Cryptococcosis, predominantly
meningoencephalitis, emerged with the HIV pandemic, primarily afflicting HIV-infected …

The vast majority of infection with cryptococcal species occurs with Cryptococcus
neoformans in the severely immunocompromised. A significant exception to this is the …

Life-threatening fungal infections have risen sharply in recent years, owing to the advances
and intensity of medical care that may blunt immunity in patients. This emerging crisis has …